Accessing a Big Bounce Universe with Concealed Mass and Gravitation

Article
Open Access
by Guido J.M. Verstraeten1 and Willem W. Verstraeten2
1 University of Applied Sciences (Björneborg-Pori, Finland)
2 Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (Ukkel, Brussels, Belgium)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29202/phil-cosm/28/3
Received: 14 December 2021 / Accepted: 31 December 2021 / Published: 27 January 2022

View Full-Text Review Reports Cite This Paper

Abstract

According to Whitehead, nature is disclosed to mind by an ensemble of events characterized by unobservable hidden intrinsic factors (e.g., mass, gravitation) and observable extrinsic factors (e.g., motion, density). Mass is not the substratum of dynamics. It implies spatial extension and temporal duration, which are both necessary conditions of observable natural phenomena. Therefore, an instant, deprived of duration, is immeasurable. Whitehead’s claims on mass, space, and time corroborate Verlinde’s alternative conception of quantum gravitation. Within the de Sitter space-time, this conception starts from the competition of the short distance degrees of freedom of the Ryn-Takanayagi tensor with long-distance thermalized excitations. This enables the creation of a baryonic mass and a decrease in de Sitter entropy. The memory effect of the original baryon creation leads to gravitation and the production of extensive thermodynamic entropy. However, the baryon production shrinks, and the dissipating space-time transforms into a space-timeless cold sink with an accompanying strong contracting memory effect. This is equivalent to the alternate motion of a giant Carnot engine, where the heat source and sink energy exchange produce the eternal periodic dynamics of the Universe. This suggests that the Universe did not start from Big Bang but oscillated eternally as a Big Bounce Universe.

Keywords: gravity, mass, observability, entanglement entropy, baryonic creation, hysteresis

References

Brouwer, M.M., Oman, K.A., Valentijn, E.A. et al. (2021) The weak lensing radial acceleration relation: Constraining modified gravity and cold dark matter theories with KiDS-1000. Astronomy and Astrophysics 650, A113, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202040108.

Casini, H., and Huerta, M. (2009) Entanglement Entropy in free Quantum Field Theory. J. Phys. A42504007, https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/42/50/504007.

Deutsch, J.M. (1991) Quantum Statistical Dynamics in closed systems. Physical Review A 43(4), https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.43.2046.

Di Valentino, E., Mena, O., Pan, S. et al. (2021) In the realm of the Hubble tension—a review of solutions. Class. Quantum Grav. 38, 153001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ac086d.

Grünbaum, A. (1973) Philosophical Problems of Space and Time. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 2nd edition. Dordrecht, Boston: Reidel.

Lemaitre, G. (1931) The Beginning of the World from the Point of View of Quantum Theory. Nature, 127 (3210), 706, https://doi.org/10.1038/127706b0.

Milgrom, M. (1983) A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis. Astrophysical Journal, 270, 365-370, https://doi.org/10.1086/161130.

Milgrom, M. (2013) Testing the MOND Paradigm of Modified Dynamics with GalaxyGalaxy Gravitational Lensing. Phys Rev Lett, 111(4), https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.041105.

Misner, C.W, Thorne, K.S., and Wheeler, J.A. (1973) Gravitation. San Francisco: Freemand and Compagny.

Noether, E. (1971) Invariant variation problems. Transport Theory and Statistical Physics, 1(3), 186–207, https://doi.org/10.1080/00411457108231446. M. A. Tavel’s English translation of “Invariante Variationsprobleme,” Nachr. d. Köonig. Gesellsch. d. Wiss. zu Göttingen, Math-phys. Klasse, 235–257 (1918).

Papastergis, E., Adams, E.A.K., and van der Hulst, J.M. (2016) An accurate measurement of the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation with heavily gas-dominated ALFALFA galaxies. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 593, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628410.

Penrose, R. (2010) Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe. London: BODLEY HEAD.

Popper, K.R. (1956a) The arrow of time. Nature, 177, 538.

Popper, K.R. (1956b) Irreversibility and Mechanics. Nature, 178, 382.

Popper, K.R. (1957) Irreversible Processes in Physical Theory. Nature, 179, 1297.

Pound, R.V., and Rebka Jr, G.A. (1959) Gravitational Red Shift in Nuclear Resonance. Physical Review Letters, 3(9), 439, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.3.439.

Radhakrishnan, R., Divoux, T., Manneville, S., and Fielding, S.M. (2017) Understanding rheological hysteresis in soft glassy materials. Soft Matter, 1834-1852, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6SM02581A.

Reichenbach, H. (1956) The direction of time. Berkeley California: University of California Press.

Srednicki, M. (1994) Chaos and Quantum Thermalization. Physical Review E 50(2), https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.50.888.

Treschman, K.J. (2014) Early Astronomical Tests of General relativity: the anomalous advance in the perihelion of Mercury and the gravitational redshift. Asian Journal of Physics, 23 (1 & 2), 171-188. ISSN 0971-3093.

Truesdell, C. (1983) Rational thermodynamics. New York: Springer.

Tully, R.B., and Fisher, J.R., (1977) A New Method of Determining Distances to Galaxies. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 54, 661-673.

Udwadia, F.E., and Kalaba, R.E. (2002) On the Foundations of Analytical Dynamics. Int. Journal Nonlinear Mechanics, 37(6), 1079- 090.

Verlinde, E.P. (2017) Emergent Gravity and the dark Universe. SciPost Phys. 2, 016 (2017), http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.02269v2.

Verstraeten, G.J.M., and Verstraeten, W.W. (2020) The End of Big Bang and the Onset of Big Bounce. Available online: www.minkowskiinstitute.org/conferences/2020/abstracts/Verstraeten.pdf.

Vidal, G. (2007) Entanglement renormalization. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 220405. Whitehead, A.N. (2007) The Concept of Nature. New York: Cosimo Classics.

Share and Cite

Verstraeten, Guido J.M. and Willem W. Verstraeten (2022) Accessing a Big Bounce Universe with Concealed Mass and Gravitation. Philosophy and Cosmology, Volume 28, 32-41. https://doi.org/10.29202/phil-cosm/28/3
Back to the list of Articles