1 Bryansk State Technical University (Bryansk, Russia)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29202/phil-cosm/21/3
Received: 22 January 2018 / Accepted: 10 May 2018 / Published: 10 October 2018
View Full-Text Review Reports Cite This Paper
Abstract
The article analyzes the modern philosophical view of technique as the next step in the selfdevelopment of the universe, and shows its relevance for the analysis of problem of the controllability of technosphere. The applicability of various philosophical approaches to the analysis of technique for examining contemporary global problems is considered. Philosophy of technique, analyzing technogenic processes in nature and in society, offers various philosophical approaches, on the basis of which programs are developed to overcome the current civilizational crisis. It is shown that there are different views on its nature: the theoretical models obtained and the practical recommendations depend on the understanding of the technique. The traditional view of technique as a passive tool is not effective enough as a basis for philosophical analysis. An alternative concept is disclosed that understands technical progress as a stage of global evolution; its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Developed by modern science, the concept of global evolutionism allows us to see the similarity between the processes of nature change, characteristic for living matter and for technical reality. If we consider, as an evolutionary criterion, the scale of processing information or the ability to adapt, then technique stands at a higher stage of development than biological life. The self-organization of the global technical system has not yet been achieved and the formation of the artificial intelligence controlling it has not been completed, but humanity is actively working in this direction, confident that the emerging technosphere is just a tool for improving its well-being. The development of the evolutionary approach to technique leads to the conclusion that the problems of modern humanity are signs of the beginning of his involution, caused by the transition of evolutionary leadership to technical reality. The technique is already emerging from the power of man: perhaps attempts to preserve the former person or nature are opposed to the vector of evolution leading them to become elements of the technosphere. Although this approach does not take into account a number of modern concepts (sustainable development, controlled evolution, etc.), evolutionary approach to technique requires further analysis and development of a methodology for its verification and the derivation of possible recommendations for environmental performance. It is concluded that further philosophical search is necessary, since different views on technique serve as a basis for opposing programs to exit from the current environmental crisis. Change of ideas about the essence of technique leads to new, unexpected prognosis of the development of technogenic society and helps to take a fresh look at the prospects of achievement of the controllability of technosphere.
Keywords: technique, technosphere, evolution, nature, humanity, management, philosophy, Universal (global) evolutionism
References
Bazaluk, Oleg (2014) The Theory of Evolution. Philosophy and Cosmology. Volume 15, 25-33.
Bazaluk, Oleg (2016) The Theory of Evolution: From a Space Vacuum to Neural Ensembles and Moving Forward. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Bazaluk, Oleg and Denys Svyrydenko (2017) Philosophy of War and Peace: In Search of New European Security Strategy. Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, 12, 89-99.
Gorokhov, Vitaliy (2007) Basis of the philosophy of technique. Moskva: Izdatelstvo Gardarika.
Knyazeva, Elena (2015) Universal evolutionism: patterns, which tie. Filosofskie nauki, 3, 90-103.
Krichevsky, Sergey (2017a) A Management Concept of the Technosphere’s Evolution. Philosophy and Cosmology, Vol. 18, 153-164.
Krichevsky, Sergey (2017b) Cosmic Humanity: Utopia, Realities, Prospects. Future Human Image. Vol. 7, 50-70.
Krichevsky, Sergey (2015) Evolution of technologies, “green” development and grounds of the general theory of technologies. Philosophy and Cosmology. Vol. 14, 120-139.
Krichevsky, Sergey (2016) New model of evolution of technologies and prospects of research with using Big Data. Philosophy and Cosmology. Volume 17, 118-135.
Krichevsky, Sergey (2018) Super Global Projects and Environmentally Friendly Technologies Used in Space Exploration: Realities and Prospects of the Space Age. Philosophy and Cosmology, Volume 20, 92-105.
Kutyrev, Vladimir (1998) Love of wisdom on the eve of new century. Vestnik MGU. Filosofiya. 3, 3-16.
Moiseev, Nikita (1999) Reflection on the noosphere — humanism in our time. In The Biosphere and Noosphere Reader-Global Environment, Society and Change. London, New York: Routledge.
Nazaretyan, Akop (2015) Mega-History and the 21st century singularity puzzle. Philosophy and Cosmology. Volume 15, 84-98.
Popkova, Natalya (2014a) Anthropology of technique. Emerging. Moskva: Izdatelstvo LIBROKOM.
Popkova, Natalya (2014b) Introduction into the metaphilosophy of technique. Moskva: Izdatelstvo LENAND.
Popkova, Natalya (2014c) The philosophy of technosphere. Moskva: URSS.
Popkova, Natalya (2010) The philosophy of ecology. Moskva: URSS.
Rozin, Vadim (2006) The idea and modern conceptions of technique. Moskva: IFRAN.
Rozin, Vadim (2012) Technique and social reality: philosophical reflections and conceptions. Moskva: Izdatelstvo LIBROKOM.
Rozin, Vadim (2017) The technology as the challenge of time (studying, idea and types of technology. Philosophy and Cosmology. Vol. 19, 133-141.
Ursul, Arkady (2014) Cosmoglobalistics: Interrelation of Global and Cosmic Processes. Philosophy and Cosmology. Volume 12, 90-118.
Ursul, Arkady, Tatiana Ursul and Mideg Dugarova (2017) New Goals of Sustainable Future. Philosophy and Cosmology. Volume 18, 37-50.
Ursul, Arkady, and Tatiana Ursul (2015) Towards a global sustainable future. Philosophy and Cosmology. Volume 16, 110-160.
Ursul, Arkady and Tatiana Ursul (2018) Universal (Global) Evolutionism. Philosophy and Cosmology, Volume 20, 33-41.
Vernadsky, Vladimir (1997) Scientific Thought As a Planetary Phenomenon. Moscow: Nongovernmental Ecological V.I. Vernadsky Foundation.
Yablokov, Alexey, Vladimir Levchenko and Anatoly Kerzhentsev (2015) Essays of biospherology. 1. There is a way: the transition to a managed evolution of the biosphere (Ocherki biosferologii.1. Vyihod est: perehod k upravlyaemoy evolyutsii biosferyi). Philosophy and Cosmology. Volume 14, 91-117.
Yablokov, Alexey, Vladimir Levchenko and Anatoly Kerzhentsev (2016) Essays of biospherology. 2. The biosphere as a living system. Peculiarities of the evolutionary process on the biosphere level. Philosophy and Cosmology, Volume 17, 152-176.
Yablokov, Alexey, Vladimir Levchenko and Anatoly Kerzhentsev (2017) Essays of biospherology. 3. The Biosphere as a Living System. On the Harmonization of Human and Biosphere Relationship. Philosophy and Cosmology. Volume 18, 52-83.